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b. Parad (murcurry) : In sanskrit to called the name of rasendra, maharasa, suta, rasaraj etc. synonames. It has different kind of taste, which is very heavy & potential metal. It helps secreting the enjyms, transformation and regenerating the tissues. It is very useful in preventing different kind of deases and nourshing all the vital part of the body.

About rasa medicine :

Rasa is the branch of the aurveda science, which deals with the preparetion of rasa medicine, Nagarjun is the founder of the rasa shastra who uses different preparation of parad. A number of pharmaceutical preparations of rasa medicine along with murcur, sulphur, menerals and poisonous substances is included.

Minerals purification process :

Verious methods-systems are used in the puriphication of rasa-medicine (vikha, iron, abhrak, copper, silver, mercurry, iron-oxide,godanti etc.). These rasa-medicine are prepard by the process like triturating, boiling in cows urin or milk, soaking in herbals juces kipping thesubstance in butter-milk (kanji) parad (murcurry) or gold preparation (sworna bhasma) requries certain herbal substance or juce. these substance require mani purification process before theire final stage.

Uses in yantras :

Puta, musa, plates, bowel, fire are important instruments. Musa is a pot, which is useful to prepare the bhasma. Fire is important for heating, drying, frying, melting, burning,smoking, cleansing,, distillation inorder to prepare rasa-bhasma(powder) medicine.

Kinds of rasa medicines :

Aurveda therapiutic purposes to uselikes gems metals and stones. Rasa medicines contains to effectiveremedical value.

a. Abharak (oxide of mica) : It is useful in oxidation of metals the resulting bhasma (powder). The lungs and rasadhatuto uses an excellant rejuvenetor. Other also useful in asthama and bronchitis.

Roga Vigyan (Pathology)

1. Nidan means aetiological factors.

2. The deases kasta sadhya roga is difficult to manage and treat.

3. According to aurveda, it is supposeed to be healthy those who have balance condition.

4. According to aurveda, the main cause of deases is due to diseqillibrium of dosa.

5. According to aurveda, aetiology of dease is due to role of sense, volitional and effect of time.

6. Trere are six types of stage of pathogenesis of deases.

7. According to aurveda, the methods of clinical examination is pratiksha, anumana znd apta.

8. External environment is related to cause asatmindriyarthayog,

pragyaparada and parinam of dease.

9. Increase of deases (bala) imminuty in the basis of time is called kalaj.

10. Tetrad of aurveda (chatuspada) means physician, drugs nurse and patiend.

11. According to charaka amount (pramana) of oja in the body is eight bindu (drop).

12. Pittaj nadi (pulse) felt as the movement of frog.

13. Pathojenesis or deases procesess means samprati.

Basic principle of aurveda

1. Manas dosha is related with mana.
2. Sweda mala of meda dhatu.
3.The number of tanmatra is five.
4. Tridosas means vat, pitta and kaph.
5. Kaph is classified into five type.
6. The true statement oja is a sara of alldhatus.
7. Meda dhatu is related with fatty tissues.
8. Jala and Prithivi-Mahabhoota contains vata, pitta and kaph.
9. Body pain is related with vata.
10. The main site of Apana Vayu is pakwasahya (large intestine)
11. The properties of vayu is khar.
12. The site of the pachaka pitta is amasaya (stomaka).
13. The function of Avalambaka kaph is to protect the lungs and heart.
14. Site of the Para oja is all the body.
15. Puran karma is done by majja dhatu.
16. Pitta is increased during day time.
17. The main sign of VitiatedVata is black skin.
18. Increase of the Vata in the body cause insomnia.
19. The main site of the vata is pakwasya.
20. Darsana is one of the natural function ofm pitta.
21. Sparsa is the property of Vayu mahabhoot.
22. Trypsin and Chemotrypsin are an example of pachaka pitta.
23. Jatharagni, five bhutagni and dhatwagni.
24. According to aurveda, there are thirteen types of agni.
25. There are 107 no of Marmas in the body.
26. Tri-marma means hridaya (heart), vasti (bladder) and shir (head).
27.Chetana is situated in Atma.
28. Tri-danda means mana, sarir and atma.
29. Body dosa means tridosa.
30. Trisutra or "triskanda" indicates hetu, linga and aiusada.

Background of Aurveda

1. Aurveda is originated or reminded by Brahma.
2. Father of surgery is Sushrut.
3. Astanga hrithaya was written by bagbhatta.
4. Aurveda is Upa-veda of Atharvaveda.
5. Sushruta was puSamhita pil of Dhanwantari.
6. Kasyaapa is related to Kaumarvritya.
7. Aurveda is related to medition, science and phyloshophy.
8. The famous book "Charak Samhita" was first written by Agnivesh.
9. God of hindu medition is Dhanwantari.
10.There are 8 branches of aurveda.
11.Kaya-chiktsha deals with internal medicine.
12.Rasa Sastra is related with minaral.
13.Initial name of Charaka Samhita is Agnivesh tantra.
14.The written manuskript of Kashyapa Samhita is of Pt.Hem Raj Shrma.
15. First aurveda Education was conducted in Nepal since 1985 VS.
16. Kashyapa Samhita is one of the ancient aurveda Samhita is avaiable in Nepal.
17.The combination of body, mind And soul is called life.
18.Toxin and its related treatment comes under the branch of rasayana.
19.Laghu trayi contains Bhava Prakash, Madhava nidan and Sarangadhar Samhita.
20.Brihata traya contain Sushruta, Charak and astang hrithaya.
21.The oldest pharmaciutical industry in Nepal is Shingha Darbar Vaidhyakhana.
22.The oldest medical system in the world is Aurveda.
23.The duration of the course of "Bams" is 5.30 years.
24.There are 8 sthanas(kind of deases) in Charak samhita.
25.According to Aurveda, ancient physical fee means Dhanwantari Bhag.

Yoga and Aurveda

Yoga originated thousand of years ago as a technique to help people achieve spiritual elightement. Yoga literally means union the union of prana (inward moving air) with apana (downward moving air ) in which all the energy currents in the body flow of the spine (sushumna); or the union of individual self with the universal self, to achieve the psycho-spiritualgoal of life i.e. liberation. Classical yoga is divided into eight "limbs" that provide a basis for spiritual, physical and mental health by outlining a means to bring the mind body into harmony, then into deeper stages of meditation. The most widely known yogic practice is asana, or hatha yoga, which include veriety of physical postures that may be devided into to catagories: meditative and therapeutic.

Meditative postures deal with bringing the mind to a state of relaxation through spinal alignment and proper blood flow, while therapeutic postures focus on improving physical health and well-being. In addition to asana, pranayama focususes on regulating breathing to calm the mind and prepare for meditation, a state of concentration that may result in a hightened sense of awareness and relaxation.Yoga is believed to benefit health, vitality and peace of mind as well as treat numerous physical ailments.

Yoga strengthens and tones muscle, improves balance and flexibility and increases blood flow and vitality. It is also a great way to reduce stress. Researchers at Harvard Medical school have found that yoga lowers certain chemicals in the blood stream associate with anxiety and triggers others physiocologicalrelaxation responces, such as reducing muscle tension and lowering heart rate. Practicing two to three times a week for 45 minutes to an hour is good goal to work towards. Another alternative is to practice yoga for 15 minutes every day.

Majja : One of the seven dhatus- bone marrow.It is oily and soft tissue. Its main functions are to oleate the body; fill up the bone cavities and to nourship the sukra dhatu.

Malas : Waste products. Primarily include urine, feaces and sweat.

Karma : Actoion; work; a complex concept, The world originally denoted a religious act or rite and gradually assumed other sades of meaning, as in action, work.

Kama : Desire. It is a sexual desire, one of the five signs the yogi must cut off; others being wrath, greed, fear and shleep.

Jeeva : Individual soul; Living being; the imerical self.

Guna : The three attributes of unfanifest prakriti, Which are in balance before the creation of evolutes, and whose imbalance continues the process of creation. Three gunas are satwa, raj and tama.

Ghee : Clarrified butter.

Dravya: The substance Of properties- one of the special properties water, fire, air, ether, time, space, soul and mind.

Dipanya : One that kindless the gastric fire; increases appetites. eg. pipali, ginger, black pepper and hing.

Dhatu : The basic nutritional and structural factors of the body; literally, to support or to nourish; there seven datus (tissues) in the body. The seven bodily tissues are rasa, racta, mamsa, meda, asthi, majja and sucra.

Dharma : Virtue, attribute, codition, righteousness; duty; prescribed course of conduct; nature or disposition; one's true chracter; about being a whole human being.

Dharana : Absorbing information into memory and reproducting same.

Churna : Powder.

Something better glossary :

Avyakta : Unmanifest pracriti indstinct, not apparent and inarticulate.

Avalambak : One of the five kapha subtypes; located in the heart and sacrum; its important function is to nourish the heart and the sacrum, lubricating an protecting the heart and supporting and norshing the sacrum.

Astringent(Kashaya) : constricting or binding- i.e. checks hemorrhaes, secretion. E.g.Amalaki, haritaki, Shatavari.

Bala : Strenght Is "bala" in sanskrit.

Bodhaka : One of the five Kapha subtypes; it is located in the root of te tangue and pharynx; it enables the perception of taste.

Brajaka : One of the five sub-types of pitta, located in the skin of the entire body, and its function is to give color to the skin and to produce luster.

Asthi : One of the seven dhatus; the bone tissue; supports the body, giving protection, shape nourshiment and longevity.

Artava : One of the seven datus; the female reproductive tissue.

Aphrodisiac : Heightens senses and stimulates sexual drive. e.g.Ashwagandha.

Apana : One of the five varities of vata, it regulates exhalation and excretion. Its movement is dowanward.

Alochaka : One of the five types of the pitta situated in the eyes. It catches the images of external objects.

Akash : Free space.

Agni : The digestive fire whose function is tranformation, absorption, elemination and discrimination. Agni is the essential form of fire and heat, the basis of good digestion.

Adaptogens : Herbs that improve the body's ability to adapt to stress of any short, including infection, mental stress or fatigue, e.g.Brahmi.

Abhyanga : Aurvedic oil massage whereby practioners work warm oil into the tissues of the intire body.

similarly, some important herbal plants :

1) Curcuma longa
2) Terminalia chebula
3) Ferula narthex
4) Ephedra geradiana
5) Anethum sowa
6) Amorphophallus campanulatus
7) Urtica dioca
8) Mallotus philippinesis
9) Salmalia malabarica
10) Embelia ribes
11) Rawalphia serpentine
12) Tagetes erecta
13) Hedichium spicatum
14) Albizzia lebbeck
15) Pterocarpus marsupium
16) psoralia corylifolia
17) Bambusa arundinachea
18) Crataeva nurvula
19) Aconitum ferox
20) Syzigium aromaticum
21) Symplocus recemosus
22) Aramanthus spinosus
23) Allium sativum
24) Mimosa pudica
25) Inula cappa
26) Cassia fistula
27) Cyperus rotundus
28) Randia spinosa
29) Trigonellafoenim graecum
30) Raphanus sativus
31) Curculigo orchioides
32) Piper nigrum
33) Rubia cardifolia
34) Phyllanthus niruri
35) Eclipta alba
36) Semecarpus anacardium
37) Acorus calamus
38) Aegle marmelos
39) Chenupodium album
40) Solanum indicum
41) Cissapleos pareia
42) Sida cordifolia
43) Termenalia belerica
44) Acacia arabica
45) Melia azadiracta
46) Mentha spicata
46) Uraria picta
47) Callicarpa marophylla
48) Piper longum
49) Bergenia cilita
50) Spinacea oleracea
51) Nyctanthess arbor-tristis
52) Butea monosperma
53) Fumaria vaillantii
54) Azadiracta indica
55) Operculina turpenthum
56) Vitex negundo
57) Gaultheria fragantissima
58) Woodfordia fructicosa
59) Coriandrum sativum
60) Datura metal
61) Leucas cephalus
62) Cynodon dactylon
63) Hemidesmos indicus
64) Ocimum sanctum
65) Arthemisia vulgaris

some important effective herbs on which clinical study conducted in different reseach institutes :

_ Gymnema sylvestre is effective controlling hyperglycemya.

_ A combination of extracts of N. Jatamasi and marselia minuta for Epilepsy(apasmar) which is being one of the most important in health sector.

_ For Myopic children, Saptamrit lauha with milk was given orally. Regular eyewash once a day with Trifala jala was preseibed to the patients. The patients were also subjected to installation of jinger juce mixed honey once a day and netrabindu application twice a day.

_Clinical studies of two combinations of Naradya Lakshmi Vilasa Rasa with godanti Bhashma and Swasha Keshari (Kantakari with godanti bhasma0 have been effective for Asthamatic patients. Drugs for the treatment of tamaka Shwasa is quite effective.

_Guggul has been recomended for the treatment of lipid disorders and its complication in aurveda. A siries of experimental and clinical investigations conform its anti-obesity and anty-atherosclerotic property is conducted.

_Mucuna prurieta seed powder for Parkinson's deases.

_The three drugs Ayush-64 (Saptaparna, Kiratatikta, Kutaki and Latakaranja), Saptaparna ghanawati and Nityananda rasa is effective for patients of micro-filaria.

_The compound Nimbidin is isolated form Neem Seed oil by process of extraction. The drug has been administered in indoscopically diagnosed patients of duodenal ulcer. The drug has been administered in the form of 100 mg. capsules thrice times a day.

_The effect of Aurvedic drugs Sweta Parpati with Pakhanveda and Goshura In the management of Mutrasmari (Urollithiasis).

_Nimba (neem) azadiracta indica a juss is an important medicinal plant used in verious forms in aurveda. The neem seed oil is used for aplication on effected wounds and is recognized to have anti-microbial properties. The spermicidal effect on neem oil has been studied in resus monkey and water solube fraction containinning sodium nimbindate is spermicidal in human sperms in-vitro. Accordingly, the contraceptive efficancy of neem oil has been taken up in fertile female.

5.Khayar :

Sanskrita name : Khadira
English name : Cutch tree
Latin name : Acacia catechu Wild

Introduction :
It is medium sized tree with dark yellow inflorescence commonly growing throughout sub-himalayan belt and northeastern state of the country. Aurveda uses wood and bark of the tree for various formulation.
Cutch tree finds its mazor application in the treatment of skin and respiratory problems more in particular, of allergic origin. Also, it is used as an important constituent for maintenance of oral higiene and also as local treatment for bleeding injuries as styptic agent by vertue of its astring properties.

Chemical coposition :
Wood has large quantity of the tenins, Catechu-tannic acid, catechin, gum and quercetin. Catechu-tannic acid occurs as adark redish-brown powder, which oxidizes in the air.
Kapha and Pitta is effect of its for dosha.

4. Visha :
sanskrita name : Ativisha
English name : Ateech
Latin name : Aconitum heterophyiium

Introduction :

Its known that greenish-blue flower found wild in alpine and sub-alpine Himalayas. Root of the herb in used in aurvaidic medicine.

Uses :

Its used in the treatment of fevers including malerial conditions and respiratory disturbances. As compared to aconite, Which is extremly toxic plant. It is lesser toxic.Often it also undergoes the procedure of detoxification before being used in the manufacturing of aurvaidic medicines.

Chemical composition :

Roots contain intensely bitter alkaloid atisine, acotinic acid, tannic acid and pectinous substanses. It has abudant starch, fat and a micture of oleic, palmitic, stearic glicerides.

Its have pacifies kapha and pitta in effect on dosha.

4.Visha

sirially -

3. Ghritkumari :

sanskrit name : Ghritkumari
English name : Aloes
Latin name : Aloe vera tourn ex. linn

This is one kind of shrub about 2-4 feet in height with fleshy succulent leaves having horny prickles on there margins.

Uses :

Its use is recommended in aurveda as skin conditioner and in the treatment of non-healing ulcers, burn injuries and in the treating the liver diseases like jundice .Experimental studies on aloe suggest its positive cosmetic vallue and wound healing properties.

Aloe vera is varities of benefits for skin by the used. It is used frequently in the skin care preprarations across the globe.

Chemical composition :

It contains three pentosides mainly barbaloin, isobarbaloin and betabarbaloin. Balances kapha and pitta of dosha in effection.

Basic usefull aurvaidic(herbal) plants:

Here are all the plants are sown, which is usefull to in aurvaidic knowledge. So that specially which is now giving one by one.



1. Holey basil(Tulasi):



this plant is usefull for many kind of deases and relation of religions also. 2 feet-3feet high, sweet smell, and white and black kind of its. Other forestry basil also avaiable. But black and white is too much use in the work. when it is planting around the house, better to atmosfere. ranaway small insects and harmfull insects. It is avaible in aften all kinds of atmosfere.


Nowadays manykind of herval medicine is producted by the factory. Tulasi herval tea, use in metal powder, use in herbal soap of holey basil.



2. Ambelica myrobalan(Amala) :

This plants is famous for in aurvaidic uses. it is medium size of tree, according to botanical introduction. 7,8metre-25mtetre to tall. It is avaible lowland to high land of hillside. Its sanskrit name is Amlaki.

English name : Indian gooseberry
Latin name : Emblica officinalis linn

It has been given a prominent place in aurveda. In ancient Nepal and India it was believed that Ambrosia (hevenly nectar) contained all rasas thereby, It could impart immortalita. In that sense Amalaki and Haritaki stand next by exhibiting five rasas. Therefore gooseberry is considered a "Rasayana" bestowed with anti-aging effects. Enthosiastic investigasions on amala subastantiate almost all of its acclaimed immunomodulatory, anti stress etc.

Chemical composition :

The fruit juce is reported to contain nearly 20 times as much vitamie C as orange juce. Evere 100 gm edible fruit provides 470-680 mg of vit.C. Fruit contains moisture, protein, fat, minarals, fibres and carbohidrate. Its mineral and vitamin contains iclude calcium, phosphorous, iron, carotene, carbohydrate, thiamine, reboflavine besides vitamine C. and here its too new study on amala strng antioxidant properties to small moleculer weight tannoid complexes.

Development of Aurveda

Developing to continues :

1. Origin of human race from dates back of aurveda to Lord Brahma
2. Explanation of many kind references on health, deases and medicinal herbs plants in Rig veda and Atharva veda-5000 BC
3. Rishi Atreya and Dhanwantari of Aurveda's school- 1000 BC
4. Collectioning of Charaka Samhita-600 BC
5. documentation of Sushrut Samhita- 500 BC

Some important Vedas and Samhitas :

In the begining Historical documents concerning aurveda are found in Rig veda and Atharva veda.

About of Aurved

Walking power to Rishi Pravarak, save the life of Bhardwaj and restored lost energy of Rishi Chyawan and r

Origin of aurveda is linked to gods, deites and heaven. According to hindu belef, Lord Brahma is considered as the creator of this universe. Creation of all forms of matter occurring in this universe, living or non-living is velieved to be this foundation. the Ayurveda is said to be orignaated by Brahma.

It is believed that Brahma propagated knowledge through dhaksha Prajapati who tought this science to the Ashwini Kumars (twins son of the sun God). The Ashwinis imparted the science of Aurbeda to Indra. According mythology, a lot of work is recognized to the well-knowledge medical skills of Ashwini kumars-gave eyesight and walking power to rishi Pravarak, save the life of Bharadwas and restored lost energy of rishi Chyawan and rejuvented his health and gave power and rejuvenation to rishi vandan.

Historical perspective

The word Veda refers to knowedledge. Aurved word is derived from Veda. By difinition, "It is knowledge of life" or the knowledge which is concerning to prolong the human life. A number of guiding principles for preservation of healthare meditationed in vedas.

ancient aurved medicine

According to aurved history:

aurved is an ancient art of healing that orignated thousand of years ago. Its origin is traced back to vedik times about 5000-10,000 B.C. dhanwantari is the father of aurveda who classified the clinical knowledge of its. The science is based on the "treedosha theory of deasese". Tridosha maintain the integrityof hole body. They govern the physical structure and mental processes. Aurveda treatments man as awhole, which is combination of body, mind and soul.

Aurveda is native and ancient medical science. Before origin of shristi, Bramha reminded that the new generation would be affected by different health problems. So, he recalled and reminded Aurved. its proves that it was existantance before shristi. harak Samhita, one of classical texts, states that it is Saswat(eternal) which means history of aurveda is traciable the biginning of life processes in the universe. However, for the convenient, it can be covered under tomajor heading i.e mythological perspective and historial perspective.

Introduction to ancient aurved medicine

Ancient aurved medicine is better for human health. people are using since very long time ago. It has not side effect to much but just a little. Many kind of its subject and process. Therefore people many like to its.